Russian Grammatical Dictionary

Layout of dictionary entries:
Each entry in ГСРЯ exhibits grammatical information appropriate to the given part of speech (case declension, gender, number, conjugation, aspect, syntactic government, related derivational forms, phraseologisms and examples of usage). Each written form within the paradigm is accompanied by an auditory form, pronounced by an array of native Russian speakers (male and female, from 18-75 in age). Where forms in free variation occur (i.e. forms with more than one accepted pronunciation, and especially differences between St. Petersburg and Moscow norms), both pronunciations will be given.

Other information in the headers includes an English gloss, and on occasion, typical phrases (especially in verbal entries) and brief notations on registers. English glossing is provided to facilitate understanding of the semantic range of Russian lexemes given in the grammatical dictionary; however, these glosses are not intended to be exhaustive. Users seeking a translation dictionary will find a wealth of other dictionaries available for that purpose (see www.seelrc.org/webliography for a partial list of internet links).

ГСРЯ will only distinguish conversational or substandard forms when they are not part of either Contemporary Standard Russian or Contemporary Standard Colloquial Russian. Further distinctions include the marking of individual archaic meanings and some grammatical forms. The issue of notations on registers is discussed in detail in the authors' foreword.

Note the following sample paradigms for nouns, verbs and adjectives. Headings can be given in English or Russian (see below) and the most salient grammatical information is given in the headers.

NOUN: In some nouns, there will be more than one possible form within a given case (especially in the locative and genitive [e.g. лес, сад, народ]). With English headers:

With Russian headers:

VERB: It is important to note that many verbs in CSR have more than one aspectual pair. In those cases, the multiple imperfective or perfective forms will be given in the header (cf. схватить). Primary and secondary imperfectives will be listed in alphabetic order in the header. All lexemes in the header directly link to their specific grammatical paradigms with one click of the mouse.

Related words are given at the end of the entry. The major network of related words is given under the perfective verb entry. [This is also true for notes with sample sentences and collocations – they will be given under the perfective verb entry.] If there are forms with and without the suffix –ся, then the network will be given under the verbal form without –ся. This system of showing related words facilitates a more elegant realization of function in the web-based environment (as opposed to given all of the related word networks under every form).

And the entry for related word

ADJECTIVE: Note that the accusative masculine singular adjectival form will include animate and inanimate agreement forms if the adjective in question may ever form noun phrases with animate objects. In some instances, the contexts imagined are quite abstract where the animate accusative masculine could occur.

Related words:
Lexemes with common roots can be found in the related words field at the bottom of each entry.

In the case of particularly salient grammatical relationships (primarily imperfective and perfective verbal pairs and some substantival derivations), those related words are exhibited directly below the English gloss.

Notes:
Additional, clarifying information as well as usage examples can be found by clicking on the icon found in selected words. The user will find that by mousing over the text of a note, all the inflections for which that note applies will be highlighted in red.

Searching:
Currently, only Russian word searching is supported. The basic search box found on the dictionary's main page will search on a string occurring at the start of a word. The advanced search option permits a search for whole or partial words throughout all word forms in the dictionary.

Headings language:
The dictionary framework is available in both English and Russian languages. Labels for each entry (e.g. part of speech, case, etc.) are given in the chosen language.

Sound and text variants:
Where more than one form exists (e.g. the animate and inanimate forms of masculine accusative adjectives), both forms are shown in the same row.

In the event that multiple pronunciation variants are possible for the same text form, the additional sound variants are indicated by the icon which can be clicked to play the sound.